They enable the acquisition of semantic and spatial data and the development of a high-precision three-dimensional model that can be used to share heterogeneous information and analyze structural performance. The photogrammetric survey and laser scanning are the most common approaches used for this purpose. The technological advances in the architectural field, in particular for the metric surveys, offer great advantages as they reduce errors in geometry and provide results useful for documentation, knowledge, conservation, and valorization.

The results highlight the great advantages resulting from the integration of traditional and novel procedures in the field of conservation of artistic assets. A workflow aimed at estimating the stress regime and the dynamic properties of two sculptures, based on the detailed three-dimensional model resulting from a laser scanner survey, is illustrated and discussed. The present paper reports the results of an approach to the maintenance and preservation of art objects housed in a museum complex based on a comprehensive digital path towards a Historical Digital Twin (HDT). A rational approach to the preservation and protection of artistic heritage is based on traditional approaches supported and integrated by novel technologies, so that qualitative and quantitative indicators of the current condition of artistic heritage can be defined and validated in an interdisciplinary framework. Moreover, novel digital technologies offer many solutions able to deliver a digital replica of artifacts of interest, so that a reduction in the uncertainties in the analysis models can be achieved. Several methodologies exist to assess the condition of artistic heritage and to protect it from exceptional actions.

The protection of artistic and cultural heritage is a major challenge due to its peculiarities and its exposure to significant natural hazards.

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